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Degree of replication, effectiveness of caches, spread of queries, overall system scalability, & Same for other large-scale distributed systems'I/&$$bb  b#b`     /$$"Peer lifespan distribution#Lifespan protocols & strategiesLLifespan-based protocols Network stability  connection breakdown & rejection, number of connections per peer, & . 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S d T gkgk v    v* J%%JJoo d T gkgk  7   x* J%%JJooH d 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.eۡp (     NLqgkgk v$    v* J%%JJoo  N qgkgk  7$ q x* J%%JJoo  Tqgkgk v  q v* J%%JJoo  TH!qgkgk  7 q x* J%%JJooH  0jB ? 3380___PPT10.dz͓  /(  ~  s *\0S@@ \ x  c $Ĩ\0   \    f \1?0P [www.aqualab.cs.northwestern.edu 0 2 bH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Z`1J+D=' = @B +  `F(  x  c $, ,0`     c $ , 0   "P@08@H  0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.Z`=/+D=' = @B +E  \T`T(  Tx T c $8\,0`  \  T nA,,lifespan-normal-7days   \ T nA ,,lifespan-loglog-7days0 0L \ T c $9\ P  tActive probing in Gnutella > 7 days 500,000 peers, ~1 million peers lifespans Fits a Pareto distribution well (R2 ~ 0.99) In this context & Peer s expected remaining lifetime proportional to its current ageLq bbb bCfH T 0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.Zs$ +D=' = @B +  d0(  dx d c $# ,0`   x d c $# , 0   H d 0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.Z@o+D=' = @B +q      (  x  c $2 ,0`     S @^ , p    BLower connection breakdowns ~30-42% reduction! With low rejection rates  LSPAN-3 ~ 1 every 17.58 hrs!@"s   S f ,  0   hRandom-Walk & Neighbor Caching Same hit rate & query response time with 5 instead of 16 random walkers!  hinF Pd   @   c HA$ instBreakConRatioP d     c 8A  hit-p-ncu@ PX  8 0   8     fl 1?0 x  G Gnutella 0 2 b ~@        B   `D1?   B   fD1?  8 @0   p    fo 1?@ f KaZaa 0 2 b N       0 B   `D1?   B   fD1?  u8        # lu 1? `  G LSPAN-based 0 2 b B   fD1?  B  # lD1?  H  0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.Z4+D=' = @B +   ,G(  x  c $|e\,0`  \   s *f\, 0 \ dQuery distribution - LSPAN-biased random walk Replication - Region-based instead path-replication *cblL   (#  ) c :A  satisfynum p   \ * c >A  partialqueryp   \ + # lhm\1? T WHigher query satisfaction"0 2b , # lq\1? T `"Finding  needles "0 2bH  0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.Ze[+D=' = @B +  0(  x  c $䌓 ,0`   x  c $ , 0   H  0޽h ? T3f3f___PPT10i.ZE+D=' = @B +H 0 hX(  h^ h S dRH    h c $ d !   N:Newer results where obtained using 4 traces (instead of 1)H h 0jB ? 3380___PPT10.2ar\bA ",4;" GM) 5h^-D3e:wPmj: Oh+'0U px  < H T`h6Elders know best: Lifespan-based ideas in P2P systems Lifespanow Fabian E. 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